sobota, 12 listopada 2011

Paris In Winter


Nov 6, 2011 10:00 AM EST

Springtime is sweet, but the barren months are the best time to visit the City of Light.


I was standing in the lobby of the Hôtel Plaza Athénée. It was winter, a gray morning. I was in Paris as part of a series of celebrations my wife had arranged for my 40th birthday. I did not feel like celebrating, though. I had been having health problems, including learning a week before I arrived that I was probably going to develop diabetes.

Paris is like pornography. You respond even if you don't want to. You turn a corner and see a vista, and your imagination bolts away. Suddenly you are thinking about what it would be like to live in Paris, and then you think about all the lives you have not lived. Sometimes, though, when you are lucky, you only think about how many pleasures the day ahead holds. Then, you feel privileged.

The lobby of the Plaza Athénée is a red-and-gold fantasia. It gives off a whiff of Moulin Rouge decadence. Probably as much as any hotel in Paris, the Plaza Athénée is sexy. I was standing facing the revolving doors and the driveway beyond. A Ducati with a woman on its back—a woman in a short skirt and black-leather jacket—pulled up before the hotel door. She swung off and she was wearing high heels. Normally, my mind would have leaped and imagined a story for this woman. Now it didn't. I stood there and told myself: Cheer up. You're in Paris.

Paris

From the best new restaurants to "old friends" like the Louvre and La Tour Eiffel, Paris always enchants., David Sauveur / Agence VU-Aurora

In many ways, Paris is best visited in winter. The tourist crowds are at a minimum, and one is not being jammed off the narrow sidewalks along the Rue Dauphine. More than this, Paris is like many other European cities in that the season of blockbuster cultural events tends to begin in mid- to late fall and so, by the time winter, bracing and demanding, appears, most of the cultural treasures of the city are laid out to be admired. For example, the Louvre has a show on China's Forbidden City that started at the end of September and will run till early January; the Musée du Luxembourg has a gorgeous exhibition called Cézanne and Paris, which started in October and will go through February; and the Galeries Nationales du Grand Palais, maintaining its recent record of truly surprising reconsiderations of art that we thought we already knew, is showing Matisse, Cézanne, and Picasso through the collecting habits of one American family, the Steins.

The other great reason why Paris in winter is so much better than Paris in spring and fall is that after the end of the August holidays and the return of chic Parisiennes to their city, the restaurant-opening season truly begins hopping. By winter, many of the new restaurants have worked out their kinks and, once the hype has died down, it is possible to see which restaurants are actually good and which are merely noisy and crowded.

This season brings Chatomat, a lovely rendition of what has become a familiar entity, the nouveau bistro. Like many of these new restaurants that have hype, part of the charm of Chatomat is the slightly raffish neighborhood in which it is located—in this case, Belleville. Also receiving a great deal of interest is the Chinese restaurant Shang Palace in the Shangri-La Paris hotel. The decision to spend one of a limited number of Paris meals eating Chinese food is, of course, an individual decision. The Shangri-La, which had a gradual opening all year long and became fully operational this summer, is built in the old Bonaparte family mansion and is definitely worth visiting. If one wants to eat there, I prefer the more casual La Bauhinia.

I am not a clubgoer. The club Silencio, though, which opened this fall—designed by director David Lynch and named after a boîte in his movie Mulholland Drive—feels not so much like a typical club as a salon or speak-easy. There are movie screenings, concerts, and performances by cutting-edge D.J.s. All these make Paris this winter especially thrilling to visit.

My wife and I checked into our hotel room. A thin, late-morning light was pressing through the window. The cold that I could sense outside made me want to lie in bed and pull the blankets tight around me. My doctor had told me, though, that I needed to exercise every day. I knew also that if I slept and woke, I would feel lost in the short winter day. I unpacked my running shoes and sweatshirt and left the hotel.

Most people are about as happy as they set their mind to being, Lincoln said. In Paris it doesn't take much to be happy. Outside the hotel, the sky was pale and felt very high up. I walked the few blocks to the Seine and began running along the blue-green river toward the Eiffel Tower. There is a lovely raised terrace with a dirt-and-gravel path that takes one along Trocadero Park toward the tower. The tower in the distance was black, and felt strange and beautiful the way that many things built for the joy of building do. As I ran toward it, because of its lattice structure, the tower seemed obviously delicate. Seeing it, I felt a sense of protectiveness.

I think it was this moment of protectiveness that marked the change in my mood and my slowly becoming thrilled with being in Paris.

I ran and ran through parks, the gravel crunching beneath me. I ran past the painfully clipped plane trees that look like a waiter's wrist and hand holding up a tray. I ran on cement sidewalks, passing Parisienne women strolling with their teenage daughters. The daughters, in that wonderful French way, were dressed much like their mothers because, in France, there is not the same fetish for youth as there is in many countries. Instead, the emphasis is on chicness and on personality. I ran past the glorious golden-domed Invalides, a 17th-century hospital for veterans, and felt selfishly glad that the French had surrendered to the Nazis so that Paris was not shelled.

I kept running and the body that I had begun to feel distrust for, the body that, with the warning of diabetes, seemed to be letting me down, kept responding to my desire to carry me through beautiful Paris.

During winter evenings, Paris's streetlamps have a halo and resemble dandelions. In winter, when one leaves the Paris street and enters a café or restaurant, the light and temperature change suddenly and dramatically, and there is the sense of having discovered something secret. In winter, because the days are short, there is an urgency to the choices one makes. Will it be the Louvre today or the Jacquemart-André? One feels always asked to commit. There is the sense that life is short and so let us decide on what matters.

Because it was a milestone birthday, my wife and I were splashing out for our hotel rooms. We were in Paris for a week, and we stayed half the week at the Plaza Athénée and the other half at Le Meurice. My wife picked the latter. She had asked me to pick both hotels, but it felt selfish to spend so much money based just on my own preferences. Unlike the sexy Plaza Athénée, Le Meurice feels discreet, quiet, elegant.

My wife is very different from me. Through the week, she and I alternated which restaurants we would eat at and which museums we would visit. I always picked the newer restaurants or galleries. My wife picked what we refer to as old friends: bistros on the Left Bank and sculptures such as the Winged Victory in the Louvre. I had always known, of course, that I prefer to experience the new and the latest. The back and forth between my wife's sensibility and my own, combined with the soul-searching I had been going through, made me realize how much of my reaching for new things was a form of grasping, a resistance to being left behind.

Our last meal in Paris was, we thought, going to be an example of French cuisine being redefined. We had reservations to eat at Alain Ducasse's eponymous Michelin three-star temple. What makes the restaurant cutting-edge is how he adds to what counts as belonging in the category of French cooking: lemongrass and Indian masalas next to mushrooms that are unique to a particular area of France.

The restaurant, quiet, spacious, all cool colors, seemed the height of elegance. What we found when we sat down and looked at our menus, though, was that the chef had recently decided to move the cuisine away from refinement toward simplicity. Choices included steamed shrimp served cold and sweet, hot partridge pie. Each dish that we ordered seemed both only itself and also all the memories that the man who had devised them must have experienced. The dish of shrimp had all the pleasures of walking along a beach. The partridge pie was like being in a forest.

After lunch, my wife and I wandered to our hotel to collect our luggage. We walked along the Seine holding hands. The water hurried along past Gothic churches, under stone and wooden bridges. It went through rich neighborhoods and poor. It had been racing like this for thousands of years and would be doing so for thousands more.

Akhil Sharma is the author of An Obedient Father. His new novel, Stars From Another Sky, will be published next year.

In Solidarity with Bangkok


Nov 6, 2011 10:00 AM EST

With his beloved city inundated, our correspondent returns to his old haunts.


Awash in the worst floods in five decades, Bangkok seemed a very different city from the one I had lived in. I never vary my hotels when I am back. I check into the S15 on Sukhumvit or the Lebua in State Tower or the Dawin on Soi 4, where all the hedonism of the world seems to converge in a single point of time, and from these quite ordinary places (though refined by Thai attitudes), I venture out into streets that have changed only subtly at the edges. But this time I had to step over sandbags to use the ATM next to the S15 near Sukhumvit Soi 15, and this stretch of avenue, usually alive with little come-by-night mobile bars and street girls and deaf people selling Viagra and imitation Patek watches, was almost silent come midnight. On the news, Prime Minister Yingluck Shinawatra could be seen assuring her national flock that the crisis hour had arrived, but that if people didn't "damage the dikes" around the city they would all pull through together and weather the massive inundation that now threatened the capital.

As I sat listening to this in a beer garden around the corner, surrounded by stoic white men who were prepared to risk waterborne diseases to get their daily (and nightly) fix of Bangkok street life, I wondered why people would casually damage dikes during a national flood emergency. But of course I then realized that this was mere rhetoric. Thais make reluctant vandals, unlike their better-off counterparts in the supposedly developed world, and no one here would really be sabotaging a dike.

Out on the street at 1 p.m. the daylight had become sour under low clouds, and a group of women were laying sandbags across the threshold of a little un-innocent massage parlor. They looked like waifs toiling during the London Blitz.

The street—it was Soi 19—had emptied out, and later I went for lunch at Isao, a small sushi bar. I was with a Bangkok friend, an American who has lived here for 10 years. The atmosphere, she remarked, was just like the recent days of civil strife. One didn't know what was going to happen, and there was (one couldn't deny) a small thrill in that fact. She herself had stayed, while all her friends had fled to Thailand's south. A country full of islands and spas is perfect for fleeing nature's wrath.

Bankok

A monk in a plastic tub (left) and a boy perched in a little blue boat navigate the floodwaters along Bangkok's swollen Chao Phraya River., Daniel Berehulak / Getty Images

I thought back to the hurricane in New York over the summer. In local delis on Atlantic Avenue at Bond Street there had been lines of wimpy hipster househusbands stocking up on canned soup and plasticated bread, clearly secretly delighted at the upcoming disruption of their boring lives. Such types don't exist in Bangkok because Bangkok is not Brooklyn, and people here, generally speaking, never seem bored. A disaster in Bangkok isn't a welcome respite from ennui. It's an actual disaster.

I walked around half-delighted. If only all the mega-cities of the world could have their populations reduced by two thirds, they would actually be, once again, livable. The streets flowing with easy traffic instead of choked by mindless jams, the sidewalks breathing with the civility bred by space itself. A lot of stores were closed. Many of the insane street vendors who strangle the lower end of Sukhumvit had departed, leaving behind a strange intimation of the city of the past. The city as it was 50 years ago, perhaps, when half its streets were lazy canals and people boated to dinner by lantern light.

What would the city be like if the waters did arrive? But Bangkok has always had a precarious relation with water: it's built on it. In the 19th century it was the "Venice of the East," a city of canals, or klongs. Many streets are cemented-over canals. In 2006 I remember walking down to Sukhumvit to catch a taxi to the airport in a foot of fast-moving water. Heavy rain had turned the central city into a lake in a matter of hours.

South East Asia, SE Asia

The city's usually teeming streets emptied in advance of the oncoming flood. Traffic thinned, and vendors moved to higher ground., Christopher Wise / Redux

As dusk fell, I wandered around the so-called back-sois, the snaking alleys that form a labyrinth behind the main streets. The gold and red spirit houses were lit up, and some people were eating dinner in their gardens as usual, protected by their high walls. No laughter, though. The strangely uniformed "guards" who sit outside virtually every Bangkok building looking like Argentine Air Force generals from the Perón era sat there with their habitual despondency, anxiously watching the drains. When I stopped to get a bowl of guaytio naam, I was almost begged to sit down, eat, and enjoy. The culinary mama-sans insisted. There was no one else around. No competition for food, no rivals. The posh Villa Supermarket on Soi 49 was closing down: the middle classes were making their escapes for the weekend. The sleek coffee shops of this affluent neighborhood were just as deserted. Only the huge massage complex at Health Land, where Thais of all types come for cheap nuad thai, traditional Thai massage, seemed to be as busy as it usually was. Eavesdropping, however, I picked up quite a few nervous flood jokes as people waited to have their dorsal muscles probed and their digits snapped. The fearsome rigor of traditional Thai massage clearly preoccupied them more than the remote prospect of drowning, or even wading home, which is unsurprising given the level of delectable pain that is meted out in the course of an hour and a half of writhing, oily interconnection between you and the masseuse.

The Thai news media seemed to agree that Saturday night would be the night of reckoning, and this was the conventional wisdom on the street. Thonburi, everyone said, the west bank of the Chao Phraya, would be very likely underwater by midnight. It was an unusual Saturday night, then, as I strolled up to Soi 38 to get my daily fix of ma-muang kiao niaow: mango- and coconut-flavored sticky rice.

This is street dining right at the corner of Sukhumvit near the busy intersection at Thong Lor and an ideal place to people-watch under the façades of the shop houses. Ordinarily it is pandemonium here, with the drivers of the rich rolling up in their Mercedes cars to pick up orders of takeout food. But now it was somber and slightly irritable, the noodle sellers and the prawn grillers waiting for nonexistent customers. I asked the mango girls why they hadn't packed up and fled. "Nowhere to go," they said sadly and probably truthfully. If Soi 38 flooded, they would just go upstairs and wait it out. The children would probably make boats out of paraphernalia and enjoy themselves.

I went to a bar on Soi 4, or Nana, in one of those places deemed darkly pleasurable by moralists and mongers alike, and the women sat glumly on their stools chewing on plastic straws and wondering aloud how bad business could get. The lucrative foreign men had stayed away, giving them a taste of what the city would be like if the West really did economically collapse. Mai dii—not good. There were, however, no sandbags outside the infamous parking lot of the Nana Hotel, and the night girls stood chatting on cell-phones and doing their hair in mirrors as if nothing much was likely to be up. If Noah's Flood really came, they too would just run upstairs and wait. Their problem was mainly underemployment.

I could not help being struck by how much more stoically courageous these women were than the local bourgeoisie. They were rice farmers from the north, and they were made of sterner stuff. The prospect of a mere flood didn't seem to unnerve them in the slightest.

Later I went into the Diplomat Bar of the Conrad Hotel and got myself a gin and tonic in that soothing décor of rattan. On the way there, an oddly liberating walk through Ploenchit, the streets half-empty, the taxi scavenging for fares, an oppression somehow lifted from that neighborhood as if its customary suffocation had been lifted. The hotel, like everywhere else, seemed to be running on two cylinders.

Affluent tourists at the bar appeared unable to make up their minds whether they were enjoying this situation or not. An Australian couple told me they had stayed purely out of curiosity. They were drunk out of their minds and enjoying the "privacy," meaning the lack of other tourists, but they also had a plan B. If the waters came, they'd take a suite at the top of the building and make a party of it. It was to be a spectacle, an entire metropolis turned into Mark Twain's dry description of Venice: "Streets full of water."

The modern city is curiously unable to react to a disruption of its artificial normalcy, and yet at the same time—human beings being what they are—these same conurbations also possess an unexpected resiliency and stoicism. They, on some level, are too big and complex to truly panic. They have a blind faith in their own technical prowess.

And so, as the Saturday night of doom wore on, I crossed the swollen river to Wang Lang on the left bank and found that, contrary to all the news chatter and the panic of rich friends, people were there in the stalls eating ice cream and drinking from plastic bags of oolong tea, and the working classes who were inevitably going to suffer most were cheerfully expecting nothing to happen in the heart of their fragile city. They would have to wait to see if they turned out to be right.

Lawrence Osborne is the author, most recently, of Bangkok Days.


This week’s summit was supposed to put an end to the euro crisis. It hasn’t

Europe's rescue plan


YOU can understand the self-congratulation. In the early hours of October 27th, after marathon talks, the leaders of the euro zone agreed on a "comprehensive package" to dispel the crisis that has been plaguing the euro zone for almost two years. They boosted a fund designed to shore up the euro zone's troubled sovereign borrowers, drafted a plan to restore Europe's banks, radically cut Greece's burden of debt, and set out some ways to put the governance of the euro on a proper footing. After a summer overshadowed by the threat of financial collapse, they had shown the markets who was boss.

Yet in the light of day, the holes in the rescue plan are plain to see. The scheme is confused and unconvincing. Confused, because its financial engineering is too clever by half and vulnerable to unintended consequences. Unconvincing, because too many details are missing and the scheme at its core is not up to the job of safeguarding the euro.

This is the euro zone's third comprehensive package this year. It is unlikely to be its last.

Words are cheap…

The summit's most notable achievement was to forge an agreement to write down the Greek debt held by the private sector by 50%. This newspaper has long argued for such a move. Yet an essential counterpart to the Greek writedown is a credible firewall around heavily indebted yet solvent borrowers such as Italy. That is the only way of restoring confidence and protecting European banks' balance-sheets, thus ensuring that they can get on with the business of lending.

Unfortunately the euro zone's firewall is the weakest part of the deal (see article). Europe's main rescue fund, the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF), does not have enough money to withstand a run on Italy and Spain. Germany and the European Central Bank (ECB) have ruled out the only source of unlimited support: the central bank itself. The euro zone's northern creditor governments have refused to put more of their own money into the pot.

Instead they have come up with two schemes to stretch the EFSF. One is to use it to insure the first losses if any new bonds are written down. In theory, this means that the rescue fund's power could be magnified several times. But in practice, such "credit enhancement" may not yield much. Bond markets may be suspicious of guarantees made by countries that would themselves be vulnerable if their over-indebted neighbours suffered turmoil.

Under the second scheme, the EFSF would create a set of special-purpose vehicles financed by other investors, including sovereign-wealth funds. Again, there are reasons to doubt whether this will work. Each vehicle seems to be dedicated to a single country, so risk is not spread. And why should China or Brazil invest a lot in them when Germany is holding back from putting in more money?

Together, these schemes are supposed to extend the value of the EFSF to €1 trillion ($1.4 trillion) or more. Sadly, that looks more like an aspiration than a prediction. And because the EFSF bears the first losses, its capital is at greater risk of being wiped out than under a loan programme. This could taint France, which finances the rescue fund and has recently seen its AAA credit rating come under threat. Since the EFSF depends partly on France for its own credit rating, a French downgrade could undermine the rescue fund just when it is most needed.

If the foundations of the firewall are too shallow, then the bank plan plunges too deep. By the end of June 2012, banks are expected to establish a core-capital ratio of 9%. In principle, that is laudable. But if banks have months to reach their target, they can avoid raising new equity, which would dilute their shareholders' stakes, and instead move to the required ratio by shrinking their balance-sheets. That would be a terrible outcome: by depriving Europe's economy of credit, it would worsen the downturn.

Then there is Greece. Although the size of the writedown is welcome, euro-zone leaders are desperate for it to be "voluntary". That is because a default would trigger the bond-insurance contracts called credit-default swaps (CDSs). The fear is that a default could lead to chaos, because the CDS market is untested. That is true, but this implausibly large "voluntary" writedown will lead investors in other European sovereign bonds to doubt whether CDSs offer much protection. So while the EFSF scheme is designed to offer insurance to bondholders, the European leaders' insistence that the Greek writedown be voluntary will make euro-zone debt harder to insure.

…but trust is nowhere to be found

Europe has got to this point because German politicians are convinced that without market pressure the euro zone's troubled economies will slacken their efforts at reform (see article). Despite a list of promises presented to the summit by Silvio Berlusconi, Italy's prime minister (see article), Germany has good reason to worry. But it needs to concentrate on institutional ways of disciplining profligate governments, rather than starving the rescue package of funds. As it is, this deal at best fails to solve the euro crisis; at worst it may even make it worse. As the shortcomings of each component become clear, investors' fears will surely return, bond yields will rise and banks' funding problems will worsen.

Yet again, disaster will loom. And yet again, the ECB will end up staving it off. Fortunately, Mario Draghi, the ECB's incoming president, made it clear this week that he realises that is his job. But therein lies the tragedy of this summit. An ECB pledge of unlimited backing for solvent governments would have had a far better chance of solving the crisis months ago, and remains the best option today.

At this summit Europe's leaders had hoped to prove that their resolve to back the euro was greater than the markets' capacity to bet against it. For all the backslapping and brave words, they have once again failed. There will be more crises, and further summits. By the time they settle on a solution that works, the costs will have risen still further.